Dollar Cost Averaging

How Regular Savings Create Gains From A Falling Market

Dollar Cost Averaging is a strategy in which an investor places a fixed dollar amount (or indeed any other currency) into a given investment such as a unit trust, on a regular basis. The investment generally takes place each and every month regardless of what is occurring in the financial markets. As a result, when the price of a given investment rises, the investor will be able to purchase fewer units. When the price declines, the investor will be able to purchase more units.

Millions of investors around the world employ a dollar cost averaging strategy because it offers the following benefits:

  • It’s an attractive option for investors who want to contribute to their investment portfolios on a regular basis.
  • It eliminates the issue of ‘market timing.’ As a result, an investor’s returns will be determined more by the overall trend in a given fund as opposed to the investor’s specific entry price. In addition, it helps investors reduce their cost basis on securities that decline in value.

Example:

dollar-cost-averaging-chart

You decide to invest $1000 per month into two funds. During the first 12 months, Fund A shows steady growth at 2% per month. Fund B falls by over 30% in the first few months, recovering back to the initial level by month 12. In which fund will you have accumulated your greatest investment value?

The answer might be surprising. Take a look at the figures:

dollar-cost-averaging-worked-example

In summary, over 12 months, Fund B has delivered better than twice the returns of Fund A in percentage terms!


Notes about Dollar Cost Averaging:

  1. The Dollar Cost Averaging strategy for reducing market risk relies on (i) you having a suitable time horizon for your investments, and (ii) your chosen fund recovering from the decline and returning to the upward trend. In the example above, if you needed access to your funds when Fund B is low, you will make a loss on surrender.
  2. Dollar Cost Averaging reduces market timing risks for volatile investments and is a reason why regular savings plans are so popular for building long term financial security. The example above could be twelve years rather than twelve months, but the concept and outcome holds true.
  3. Dollar Cost Averaging can be appropriate when considering higher-risk investments such as emerging market funds, if the investor anticipates a positive overall trend in the medium to long term.

Popular Posts

How to Read a Fund Fact-Sheet

Image
Has your adviser given you a factsheet on a recommended fund, and you need to understand what the terms mean? If so, read on … The fund factsheet is an essential document for the private investor. Unfortunately, the information contained in a factsheet - and the way it is presented - is not controlled in the same way as it is in a fund prospectus (a prospectus is a legal document). In essence a factsheet is marketing literature. Only a tiny fraction of investors ever read the formal prospectus for a fund, that’s why it’s especially important to be able to read a fund factsheet correctly, and if necessary to read between the lines. Key Contents Of A Factsheet Most fund factsheets will contain some or all of the following: Fund Name Many funds are commonly referred to by a short or abbreviated version of the full fund name. Hence it’s important to make use of the identifying codes (see below). Fund Management Company & Domicile The fund management company is structured and reg...
Read more

Understanding Compound and Annualised Growth

Image
Across fund manager houses, there is little standardisation of how performance figures are presented on fact sheets. Percentage returns are usually presented as either (i) discrete (or calendar) annual, (ii) cumulative (for example a total return figure for 3 years or 5 years) or (iii) annualised (the equivalent annualised return for a period such as 3 or 5 years, sometimes called compound annual return). This tutorial shows you how to convert from discrete annual performance figures, to cumulative or annualised figures, over a period of your choice. As an example, we’ll look at some USD fund performance data presented in an October 2010 factsheet. The performance data are presented to us in a very clear way, but may not be the complete picture we are looking for. The table directly above shows the discrete annual returns - ie. net of fees the fund delivered 7.46% in 2009, -4.90% in 2008, 9.82% in 2007, etc. But let’s suppose you ask yourself (or your advisor) “What was the total growt...
Read more

Tax Free Savings Plans for Australians?

Image
Question: How can returning Australians (and expats moving to Australia) make MASSIVE tax savings by using offshore investment bonds and investment-linked life policy wrappers? Answer: Set it up while you’re an expat working abroad, and keep it running at least ten years (even if you go back home) for maximum tax benefits. (Note: this article is relevant to expatriate Australians working in Singapore and other overseas locations, as well as other nationalities who may be moving to Australia in the future.) Click to download a copy of this information in PDF format. Background - Repeal of Foreign Investment Fund legislation For several years the Australian Tax Office (ATO) had very defined, and perhaps harsh, rules for how foreign insurance bonds were treated in respect of capital gains for tax residents in Australia. In effect, these tax wrappers were treated in a ‘look through’ manner and holders were liable for tax on actual gains made or at a deemed rate set by the authorities...
Read more

British Expat? Here are the Huge UK Tax Benefits of an Offshore Investment Plan...

Image
Would you like to maximise the tax planning benefits of being a British expat abroad? Read on for a summary of some key reliefs and allowances available from the HMRC tax man… (Note: this article is relevant to British expatriates working in Singapore and other overseas locations, as well as other nationalities who may be moving to UK in the future.) Click to download this information in PDF format. Summary of Tax Benefits of an Offshore Investment Plan Under HMRC tax rules for ‘ foreign ’ investment bonds and investment-linked life policies have additional tax planning benefits compared with their domestic equivalents. The purpose of this article is to briefly highlight the most important. The content is not intended to be specific tax advice of any kind, and rules can change at any time. Everyone’s tax situation is unique and you should consult a qualified tax accountant regarding your own circumstances. 5% withdrawal allowance Time apportionment reduction Top slicing relief ...
Read more

Key Interest Rate Definitions

Image
Definitions of the various types of interest rate Central bank rate - is the one most generally referred to in the financial press when they talk about the ‘bank rate’ or ‘interest rate’ without further specification (except for the USA, see below). Set by policymakers and usually the key rate upon which others are based. Also called the ‘base rate’ in the UK, ‘cash rate’ in Australia and New Zealand, and ‘discount rate’ in the USA. It’s the rate at which the central bank lends money overnight to commercial banks. Federal funds rate - specifically in the USA, policymakers at the Federal Reserve use a slightly different mechanism for influencing the nation’s interest rates. The federal funds rate is the overnight rate at which banks lend reserve balances to each other. The Federal Reserve Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets a target for this rate and implements monetary policy through ‘open market operations’ - buying or selling government securities (Treasury bills and bonds) in the op...
Read more

Should UK Expats Pay National Insurance Contributions?

Image
I live outside the UK - should I make voluntary National Insurance contributions? The decision on whether to make voluntary NI contributions depends on your own specific circumstances. National Insurance contributions for British expats? First a quick reminder. National Insurance (NI) contributions go principally to fund the National Health Service (NHS), the state pension, unemployment benefits, and sickness and disability allowances. Anyone employed in the UK will have an NI number, and make NI contributions via PAYE (pay-as-you-earn) deduction from salary. These are known Class 1 NI contributions (NICs). If you’re self-employed in the UK, you pay Class 2 NICs at a flat weekly rate, and annually Class 4 NICs based on taxable profits. If you are working abroad for up to two years and for a UK-based employer, you will likely be required to continue paying Class 1 NICs.  Alternatively, you can choose to pay voluntary contributions, Class 2 or Class 3. Depending on your circumstances...
Read more

Mobile Phone Screens Are Getting SMALLER!

Image
If you bought a “6-inch” screen phone this year, it will have a SMALLER screen than the “6-inch” screen phone you bought two years ago.  Here’s why. Call me old-fashioned (or just old), but I spend a lot of time reading stuff – articles, charts, and data – on my phone.  And I mean actually reading it – not ‘skimming’ through an article while my thumb is continually scrolling the page upwards. A ‘Full HD’ screen is 1920 x 1080 pixels – which is nice for movies, and gives an eye-friendly ‘book page’ ratio of 16:9.   This has been the standard screen ratio of mobile phones for several years, up to the last year or so, when suddenly manufacturers have switched to a 18:9 ratio  (which is 2:1 by the way… no idea why they call it 18:9, duh).   For me, 16:9 is perfect for reading text.  2:1 isn’t – it’s too thin and narrow.   Supposedly, manufacturers have switched to this format because phones with skinnier screens fit into our pockets better,...
Read more

I Don’t Need A Financial Adviser!

Image
“I don’t need a financial adviser - I can do everything myself.” If you hear yourself thinking this - great! Because it’s almost certainly true. Every single one of my clients has the intelligence and common sense to do what I do.  Though in general, they don’t have the time to commit to this important subject. Often I hear this phrase from people who’ve never worked with a professional adviser before, and never sat down with one to find out what’s on offer. I think maybe it could be down to a misunderstanding of the role. As A Manager, Do You Have Problems Delegating? Pretty much every senior manager I know has earned his or her position by being good, often excellent, in previous roles. That means that the Sales Director was probably a great salesman before. The CFO was probably a great management accountant. The Technical Director was a great systems analyst. The Marketing Director could probably still turn out great advertising copy. In fact, each could excel doing the job of e...
Read more

Health Insurance – Key Points To Consider

Image
Professionals working abroad, and their families, have particular needs for health insurance. When you are away from your home country, access to quality healthcare is essential - both for emergencies and also general medical treatments that may be required from time to time. It is important to plan for the uncertainty of illness or injury, to make sure you can afford private medical care at the times you need it. If you took out health insurance back home, and haven’t checked if you’re covered when living abroad - check now ! National health insurance schemes have restrictions on cover when travelling abroad - they are not designed for those planning to permanently move abroad and cover often lapses after 90 days. That’s why you’ll need to look at options available from the specialist firms that provide international cover for expatriates. There are a wide range of policies available and numerous international medical insurance institutions. Using a broker will save you time and also ...
Read more